Sample Examination Answers
For a named area you have studied describe the methods of coastal protection in place. (6 marks)
Along the Holderness Coastline rock groynes, rip rap, off shore reefs and sea walls have been used to prevent erosion.
Mention the location immediately and list the methods, then go on to explain them.
At Mappleton, rock groynes have been placed at right angles to the coast to trap sediment behind them, building up the beach and protecting the cliffs from erosion. Rip Rap (large boulders) have also been placed at the base of the cliffs to absorb wave energy and protect the cliffs from erosion. In addition off shore reefs made from old tyres disperse the wave energy out at sea so they cannot attack the coast.
Explain why people might have different opinions on coastal protection (6 marks)
Some people whose land is at risk from erosion would want the areas protected no matter the cost. This is the case on the Holderness coastline where farmers are very angry that their farmland and in some cases farms are being allowed to erode into the sea. Other people such as the Holderness Council will only want to protect the most valuable land as they cannot afford to protect the whole coastline. Tourists may not like hard engineering methods as they are unattractive and spoil the beach. Conservationists may not approve as coastal protection may disrupt the movement of sediment further down the coastline as is the case at Spurn Point where an important nature reserve is losing some of its' habitat.
Describe 2 methods of coastal protection and explain how they work (4 marks)
You will get one mark for naming the method and one mark for explaining it - try adding in small diagram to illustrate your answer
Gabion: These are wire cages filled with small pebbles that protect the coast by absorbing the waves energy so they cannot hit the cliff face.
Sea Wall: A large concrete wall built vertical to the sea at the base of a cliff, these deflect the force of the water and carry any sediment back out to sea, therefore protecting the base of the cliffs from attack.
Why do some areas need more protection form the coast than others? (4 marks)
Describe one reason (1 mark) and explain why it means the area needs more protection (1 mark) If you can add an example then DO!
1.Rock type: If an area of coastline is made from soft rocks such as boulder clay it means that they can be eroded more quickly this is the case on the Holderness Coastline where rates of erosion vary from 1m to 7m.
2.Destructive waves: If an area suffers from destructive wave attack then the waves will have more energy to erode the coastline e.g. on the Dorset Coast.
3.Fetch: If the waves have travelled a long distance over sea they will have more power to erode e.g. waves that attack the Dorset Coast have travelled as far as 10,00km.
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