The Periodic Table

Elements are arranged according to their atomic number, each group of elements has similar chemical properties.

Chemical Reactions

The soluble oxides and hydroxides of group 1 metals are called alkalis

Insoluble oxides and hydroxides of transition metals are called bases

Both are neutralised by acids to form salts

Electrolysis of brine produces hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution.

Rates of Reactions

The rate of reaction can be increased by the use of a catalyst or enzyme, by increasing the temperature, concentration or surface area of reactants.

Reactions involving Enzymes

Enzymes are biological catalysts they can be denatured by over heating.

Reversible Reactions

Some reactions can proceed in both directions, in a closed system these reaction will reach an equilibrium in which both reactions proceed at the same rate.

Energy Transfer in Reactions

In all chemical reactions bonds are made and broken. These processes involve the transfer of energy.